Publications

Digital identity systems define how individuals and organizations are recognized and trusted in digital environments. Over time, two fundamentally different models have emerged: centralized identity and decentralized identity. Understanding the differences between these models is essential for grasping the challenges of today’s digital systems and the motivations behind newer approaches…

For most of human history, identity was inseparable from physical presence. To be recognized as a person, a citizen, a professional, or a member of a community required face-to-face interaction and social recognition within relatively small and stable contexts. Identity was embedded in the body, reinforced by personal relationships, and…

Digital identity has become one of the most critical yet least visible foundations of modern society. In the 21st century, an increasing share of human activity takes place in digital environments: communication, work, education, healthcare, commerce, finance, and public services are now deeply mediated by digital systems. In this context,…

Self-Sovereign Identity, commonly referred to as SSI, is a new paradigm for managing digital identity that fundamentally changes how individuals, organizations, and systems interact in the digital world. At its core, SSI is based on a simple but powerful idea: people and entities should have full control over their own…